Ancient Courtship- Courting in general terms means to seek love in another with marriage in mind. This was a time when arranged marriages were the norm for most people. At then, the marriageable age of 13-15 years of age discussing wedding plans was the common reality. During this era of arranged marriages, it was handled as a family business proposition, and the beneficial affect between the joining of two families would be of high priority to discuss before the bride and groom tied the knot.
Victorian Formality (1837-1901)- During this time more men and women devoted time and money to dating, thanks to the Industrial Revolution, it provided people with extra spare time on their hands for leisure activities. But in this era dating was so formal , it wouldn’t have been considered appropriate for a man to simply walk up to a woman he was interested in and speak, instead they would have already had to have been formally introduced and if interest arose the gentleman would present his card to her….lol boy have things changed. With the blessing their comes a curse, excess spare time and increased knowledge allowed for the truth to be twisted, and the results for misdirected dating is the outcome.
21st Century- Life now is defined by luxury and the time to make choices. Young men and women have the opportunities to make substantial amounts of money before marriage, and have the lovely assets that come along with it. The common lifestyle and role of male and female have changed greatly over the centuries and it affects the dating/courting process. The undeniable freedom to engage in promiscuous activities due to adolescents surging hormones threatens the moral values which are left in our society. In this new day in age we lost order and self control and the future of ever finding true love can be ruined.
Tuesday, December 8, 2009
Literature Review (Anna) Part 2: Online Dating and Same-Sex Dating
1. Lever, J., Grov, C., Royce, T., & Gillespie, B. (2008). Searching for Love in All the “Write” Places: Exploring Internet Personals Use by Sexual Orientation, Gender, and Age. International Journal of Sexual Health, 20 (4), 233-246.
This article is comprised of research based on an online survey of 15,246 individuals and their use of the Internet personals and adult websites. Findings suggest that the Internet functions not only as a means of screening for desired characteristics, but also as a shield against prejudice in real life.
2. Collins, W., Welsh, D., & Furman, W. (2009). Adolescent Romantic Relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 631.
This article incorporates observational methods of research as well as questionnaires of adolescents. Researchers use Internet sites such as Facebook and MySpace to recruit sample subjects. Casual involvement in activities taking place with romantic partners, is termed “hooking up” and the adolescent practices are examined here.
3. Subrahmanyam, R., Greenfield, P. , Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing Sexuality and Identity in an Online Teen Chat Room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 651-666.
This article explores how issues of sexuality and identity are constructed in a teen chat room. The research used a qualitative discourse methodology to analyze a half-hour transcript from a monitored teen chat room, comparing it to a second transcript in a prior study.
4. Wilson, S., Peterson, L. (2002). Anthropology of Online Communities. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(1), 449-467.
This research seeks to identify promising new directions for study such as how power and access manifest in the arena of the Internet. American teenage dating practices in chat rooms –and community maintenance in an online lesbian café- illustrates how offline social roles and existing cultural ideologies are played out in online communication.
5. Abowitz, D., Knox, D., Zusman, M., & Mcneely, A. (2009). Beliefs About Romantic Relationships: Gender Differences Among Undergraduates. College Student Journal, 43(2), 276-284.
Research was conducted on 326 undergraduate students. They filled out an anonymous 74 item questionnaire designed to assess beliefs about men, women, and relationships. Significant differences were found in 14 items
6. Turner Strong, P. (1996). Feminist Theory and the “Invasion of the Heart” in North America. Ethnohistory, 43(4), 683-712.
This article contains women’s response’s to colonization and Christianity on the subject of gender roles and dating customs.
7. Bucholtz, M. (2002). Youth and Cultural Practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(1), 525-552.
The anthropology of youth is characterized by its attention to the agency of young people, and its interest in how identities emerge. The research usually approaches adolescence from the perspective of adulthood, but here aims to focus on youth cultural practices, such as dating.
8. Jones, D. (1995). Sexual Selection, Physical Attractiveness, and Facial Neoteny: Cross Cultural Evidence and Implications. Current Anthropology, 36(5), 723-748.
This article focuses on an anomaly associated with physical attractiveness- in our species, males seem to be more concerned than females with physical attractiveness of potential sex partners. Research on five populations, examine attraction to neotenous facial proportions (large eyes, small nose, full lips) and relative “attraction” of these populations.
9. Giordano, P., Longmore, M., & Manning, W. (2006). Gender and the Meanings of Adolescent Romantic Relationships: A Focus on Boys. American Sociological Review, 7(2), 260-287.
Researchers findings are based on structured interviews with over 1,300 Ohio adolescents participating. Also, findings based on in-depth relationship history narratives. The article examines the experiences of adolescent boys and girls in the context of the romantic dyad. It focuses on the nature on communication, emotion, and influence within adolescent dating relationships.
10.Thorne, A., Coupland, J. (1998). Articulations of Same Sex Desire. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2(2), 233-257.
This article examines dating advertisements used in formulating identities. It acknowledges the reality that homosexuals do not have ready access to
family-centered life-events and rituals, which lowers their ability to meet and form intimate relationships. Research is based on written text ads and spoken (telephone-based) texts. Sub-samples considered were 100 lesbian and 100 gay male ads.
11.Kurdek, L. (2007). Avoidance Motivation and Relationship Commitment in Heterosexual, Gay Male, and Lesbian Partners. Personal Relationships, 14(2), 291-306.
Research analyzes dating, engaged and married people on the issue of commitment or personal dedication, constraint, and avoidance motivation. Findings show that gay male and lesbian partners lack the social and institutional supports that help to stabilize relationships.
This article is comprised of research based on an online survey of 15,246 individuals and their use of the Internet personals and adult websites. Findings suggest that the Internet functions not only as a means of screening for desired characteristics, but also as a shield against prejudice in real life.
2. Collins, W., Welsh, D., & Furman, W. (2009). Adolescent Romantic Relationships. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 631.
This article incorporates observational methods of research as well as questionnaires of adolescents. Researchers use Internet sites such as Facebook and MySpace to recruit sample subjects. Casual involvement in activities taking place with romantic partners, is termed “hooking up” and the adolescent practices are examined here.
3. Subrahmanyam, R., Greenfield, P. , Tynes, B. (2004). Constructing Sexuality and Identity in an Online Teen Chat Room. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25(6), 651-666.
This article explores how issues of sexuality and identity are constructed in a teen chat room. The research used a qualitative discourse methodology to analyze a half-hour transcript from a monitored teen chat room, comparing it to a second transcript in a prior study.
4. Wilson, S., Peterson, L. (2002). Anthropology of Online Communities. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(1), 449-467.
This research seeks to identify promising new directions for study such as how power and access manifest in the arena of the Internet. American teenage dating practices in chat rooms –and community maintenance in an online lesbian café- illustrates how offline social roles and existing cultural ideologies are played out in online communication.
5. Abowitz, D., Knox, D., Zusman, M., & Mcneely, A. (2009). Beliefs About Romantic Relationships: Gender Differences Among Undergraduates. College Student Journal, 43(2), 276-284.
Research was conducted on 326 undergraduate students. They filled out an anonymous 74 item questionnaire designed to assess beliefs about men, women, and relationships. Significant differences were found in 14 items
6. Turner Strong, P. (1996). Feminist Theory and the “Invasion of the Heart” in North America. Ethnohistory, 43(4), 683-712.
This article contains women’s response’s to colonization and Christianity on the subject of gender roles and dating customs.
7. Bucholtz, M. (2002). Youth and Cultural Practice. Annual Review of Anthropology, 31(1), 525-552.
The anthropology of youth is characterized by its attention to the agency of young people, and its interest in how identities emerge. The research usually approaches adolescence from the perspective of adulthood, but here aims to focus on youth cultural practices, such as dating.
8. Jones, D. (1995). Sexual Selection, Physical Attractiveness, and Facial Neoteny: Cross Cultural Evidence and Implications. Current Anthropology, 36(5), 723-748.
This article focuses on an anomaly associated with physical attractiveness- in our species, males seem to be more concerned than females with physical attractiveness of potential sex partners. Research on five populations, examine attraction to neotenous facial proportions (large eyes, small nose, full lips) and relative “attraction” of these populations.
9. Giordano, P., Longmore, M., & Manning, W. (2006). Gender and the Meanings of Adolescent Romantic Relationships: A Focus on Boys. American Sociological Review, 7(2), 260-287.
Researchers findings are based on structured interviews with over 1,300 Ohio adolescents participating. Also, findings based on in-depth relationship history narratives. The article examines the experiences of adolescent boys and girls in the context of the romantic dyad. It focuses on the nature on communication, emotion, and influence within adolescent dating relationships.
10.Thorne, A., Coupland, J. (1998). Articulations of Same Sex Desire. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 2(2), 233-257.
This article examines dating advertisements used in formulating identities. It acknowledges the reality that homosexuals do not have ready access to
family-centered life-events and rituals, which lowers their ability to meet and form intimate relationships. Research is based on written text ads and spoken (telephone-based) texts. Sub-samples considered were 100 lesbian and 100 gay male ads.
11.Kurdek, L. (2007). Avoidance Motivation and Relationship Commitment in Heterosexual, Gay Male, and Lesbian Partners. Personal Relationships, 14(2), 291-306.
Research analyzes dating, engaged and married people on the issue of commitment or personal dedication, constraint, and avoidance motivation. Findings show that gay male and lesbian partners lack the social and institutional supports that help to stabilize relationships.
Literature Review (Melissa) Part 1: Age Differences in Dating
Current Anthropology, Vol. 39, No. 3 (June 1998), pp. 374-380
Age Differences in Dating and Marriage: Reproductive Strategies or Social Preferences?
Anthony Davis
The sociobiological argument in respect to human mating is concerned with the observed differences in average age of male and female preferences. Research is based on two different sets of data representing age preference. The first is a study of personals advertisements, and the second from an examination of records of 19th century marriages.
The author is arguing that the reason most males tend to date someone even slightly younger than them as opposed to them being older has to do with spreading their seed. Even if it is only a subconscious decision a male wants to make sure that it's going to the most fertile companion possible. They are not implying that older women aren't fertile, but rather generalizing that a younger woman has a higher chance at becoming pregnant than an older one. On the other hand, females usually look for an older male to be able to support them and their offspring. The author also goes on to analyze how the age preferences sometimes change as they get older based on surveys.
Spyrou, A. "Initial Encounters of Young Men and Women: Impressions and Disclosure Estimates." Sex Roles 50.9 (2004): 699-709.
In this article the author talks about how men and women are affected during their first impressions or encounters with someone. They base their feelings on how open or not open they are, the kind of communication, etc. It also analyzes how much information about themselves they will release when they just meet someone and the effects that it might have on the other person. One of it's sources that it utilizes for these findings is a dating website that allows you to talk to someone for 8 minutes and then forces you to make a decision to keep talking or not.
Marketing Molly and Melville: Dating in a postmodern, consumer society; Jagger E. Sociology; 2001 Vol. 35, p39-57, 19p.
This is the first of a two part analysis of dating for this author. In this article he analyzes everything that goes into the crucial decision process when it comes to dating someone. All the information is based on an analysis of one hundred dating advertisements and what was placed on them, also the order of preference. It also includes references to some of the stereotypes of what men and women might look for and what social conditions might be inhibiting them from finding someone to date.
This author is building upon one of his previous researches with this article. Here they examine the ages at which people will stop putting themselves out there in the dating scene. It also looks at the groups that they are in fact advertising themselves to, whether it be significantly younger individuals, same age, etc. It also address the "cougar" theory in which older women might go after a younger male to give her a sense of youth.
Sex and age differences in preferences and tactics of mate attraction: Analysis of published advertisements; Greenlees, I. A.; McGrew, W. C. Ethology and Sociobiology; 1994 Vol. 15, p59-72, 14p.
This article takes a look at how individuals might select their mates during the dating process. The information is mainly based on observations from Spain advertisements in personal ads. It takes a look at what one might advertise they can offer or what they are looking for. It covers everything from age, required physical characteristics, social class level, and more. Then the author goes on to analyze the trends.
Caron, Sandra L. "Dating Preferences of Women Born Between 1945 and 1960." Journal of family issues 25.6 (2004): 833-46.
In this article the author is comparing how older women (35-50) date and what sort of experiences they have had versus that of a younger crowd (20-25). It looks at characteristics, if the men are younger or older, etc. The author also says that the results from this study might cause a need for women to re-evaluate what they are looking for. Their criteria needs to be adjusted and appropriate for their age group or "league".
Courtship American Style: Newspaper ads; Cameron, Catherine; Oskamp, Stuart; William, Sparks The Family Coordinator; 1977 Vol. 26, p27-30, 4p.
This author takes a look at what the American way of dating has come to be. A lot of people will utilize personal ads in newspapers or websites now and this analyzes what they put on it. However, it also takes at look at the ones that might offer something for something different in return. The author goes even further to compare some of the personal ads today to a company trying to promote and sell their stock. Some of the ads analyzed in this article even go as far as talking about different sexual roles and what sort of response they might get.
Age Differences in Dating and Marriage: Reproductive Strategies or Social Preferences?
Anthony Davis
The sociobiological argument in respect to human mating is concerned with the observed differences in average age of male and female preferences. Research is based on two different sets of data representing age preference. The first is a study of personals advertisements, and the second from an examination of records of 19th century marriages.
The author is arguing that the reason most males tend to date someone even slightly younger than them as opposed to them being older has to do with spreading their seed. Even if it is only a subconscious decision a male wants to make sure that it's going to the most fertile companion possible. They are not implying that older women aren't fertile, but rather generalizing that a younger woman has a higher chance at becoming pregnant than an older one. On the other hand, females usually look for an older male to be able to support them and their offspring. The author also goes on to analyze how the age preferences sometimes change as they get older based on surveys.
Spyrou, A. "Initial Encounters of Young Men and Women: Impressions and Disclosure Estimates." Sex Roles 50.9 (2004): 699-709.
In this article the author talks about how men and women are affected during their first impressions or encounters with someone. They base their feelings on how open or not open they are, the kind of communication, etc. It also analyzes how much information about themselves they will release when they just meet someone and the effects that it might have on the other person. One of it's sources that it utilizes for these findings is a dating website that allows you to talk to someone for 8 minutes and then forces you to make a decision to keep talking or not.
Marketing Molly and Melville: Dating in a postmodern, consumer society; Jagger E. Sociology; 2001 Vol. 35, p39-57, 19p.
This is the first of a two part analysis of dating for this author. In this article he analyzes everything that goes into the crucial decision process when it comes to dating someone. All the information is based on an analysis of one hundred dating advertisements and what was placed on them, also the order of preference. It also includes references to some of the stereotypes of what men and women might look for and what social conditions might be inhibiting them from finding someone to date.
| Is Thirty the New Sixty? Dating, Age and Gender in a Postmodern, Consumer Society. | |
| Sociology [0038-0385] Jagger yr:2005 vol:39 iss:1 pg:89 -106 |
Sex and age differences in preferences and tactics of mate attraction: Analysis of published advertisements; Greenlees, I. A.; McGrew, W. C. Ethology and Sociobiology; 1994 Vol. 15, p59-72, 14p.
This article takes a look at how individuals might select their mates during the dating process. The information is mainly based on observations from Spain advertisements in personal ads. It takes a look at what one might advertise they can offer or what they are looking for. It covers everything from age, required physical characteristics, social class level, and more. Then the author goes on to analyze the trends.
Caron, Sandra L. "Dating Preferences of Women Born Between 1945 and 1960." Journal of family issues 25.6 (2004): 833-46.
In this article the author is comparing how older women (35-50) date and what sort of experiences they have had versus that of a younger crowd (20-25). It looks at characteristics, if the men are younger or older, etc. The author also says that the results from this study might cause a need for women to re-evaluate what they are looking for. Their criteria needs to be adjusted and appropriate for their age group or "league".
Courtship American Style: Newspaper ads; Cameron, Catherine; Oskamp, Stuart; William, Sparks The Family Coordinator; 1977 Vol. 26, p27-30, 4p.
This author takes a look at what the American way of dating has come to be. A lot of people will utilize personal ads in newspapers or websites now and this analyzes what they put on it. However, it also takes at look at the ones that might offer something for something different in return. The author goes even further to compare some of the personal ads today to a company trying to promote and sell their stock. Some of the ads analyzed in this article even go as far as talking about different sexual roles and what sort of response they might get.
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